The growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots has created a great deal of discussion in the education community. While many have gravitated towards the ability of these bots to make learning more interactive, others have grave concerns that student created essays, long used as a means of assessing the subject comprehension of students, may…

In an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), problem (or question) difficulty is one of the most critical parameters, directly impacting problem design, test paper organization, result analysis, and even the fairness guarantee. However, it is very difficult to evaluate the problem difficulty by organized pre-tests or by expertise, because these…

With the rapid development of science and technology in recent years, the application areas of fuzzy logic have also gained speed. Fuzzy logic is a frequently preferred approach in the educational process, and it can be said that scientific publications on this topic have recently gained momentum in the literature. In this context, the present…