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Holmes, Janet – International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1993
Among both first- and second-generation immigrant groups in New Zealand and Australia, women maintain the ethnic language (EL) longer than men. Compared with men's networks, women's networks encourage more extensive use of EL in social interactions, and women value the social and affective functions expressed by EL. (Contains 71 references.…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Comparative Analysis, Cultural Influences, Foreign Countries
Abrahams, Roger D. – 1970
Findings about black language and speaking behavior may help increase understanding and accommodation of black students in education. While something is known about Black English as a medium of communication, little is known about the language itself. The teacher must learn to recognize basic linguistic and performance features of black English,…
Descriptors: Attitude Change, Black Dialects, Cultural Traits, Disadvantaged
Lam, Clara – 1987
In a case study, a child's acquisition and maintenance of Chinese (as a first language) and English (as a second language) were documented. The child brought to the United States at age 3.5, acquired English in 2 years and was encouraged to maintain his Chinese skills through a family-based education program. For 6 months the boy was given Chinese…
Descriptors: Case Studies, Chinese, Code Switching (Language), English (Second Language)
Zentella, Ana Celia – 1995
It is proposed that a process of "chiquitafication" has diminished the complexity of the languages and cultures of over 22 million Latinos living in the United States, and that this process has repercussions for their linguistic security, language maintenance, and ultimately, their hopes for a good life. Focus is on three aspects of this…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Diachronic Linguistics, English (Second Language), Hispanic Americans
Aguirre, Adalberto, Jr. – 1977
Sociolinguistically oriented studies of the Chicano speech community cluster around two subject areas: (1) conversational code-switching, and (2) language loyalty and maintenance. Research representative of each of these areas is reviewed. It is felt that the large body of findings regarding the language use of the Chicanos have failed to take the…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Code Switching (Language), Community Involvement, English
Malzahn, Manfred – 1997
A comparison of the linguistic contexts of Scotland and Taiwan focuses on three aspects: (1) existence of two linguistic codes belonging to the same language family; (2) the status of one of those languages as the standard set by a larger, more powerful neighbor from whose perspective any other variety is likely to look like a dialect; and (3) the…
Descriptors: Contrastive Linguistics, Cultural Context, English, Figurative Language
Celce-Murcia, Marianne – 1977
This is a report on a child's English and French speech before, during and after a summer vacation in France. The findings are based on recorded samples of her speech in both languages elicited at three times: (1) immediately preceding the trip at age 3 years, 8 months; (2) 2 and l/2 months later; and (3) again 2 and l/2 months after her return to…
Descriptors: Bilingual Students, Bilingualism, Child Language, Code Switching (Language)