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Arun-Balajiee Lekshmi-Narayanan; Priti Oli; Jeevan Chapagain; Mohammad Hassany; Rabin Banjade; Vasile Rus – Grantee Submission, 2024
Worked examples, which present an explained code for solving typical programming problems are among the most popular types of learning content in programming classes. Most approaches and tools for presenting these examples to students are based on line-by-line explanations of the example code. However, instructors rarely have time to provide…
Descriptors: Coding, Computer Science Education, Computational Linguistics, Artificial Intelligence
Ruthe Foushee; Dan Byrne; Marisa Casillas; Susan Goldin-Meadow – Grantee Submission, 2022
Linguistic alignment--the contingent reuse of our interlocutors' language at all levels of linguistic structure--pervades human dialogue. Here, we design unique measures to capture the degree of linguistic alignment between interlocutors' linguistic representations at three levels of structure: lexical, syntactic, and semantic. We track these…
Descriptors: Semantics, Syntax, Vocabulary Skills, Models
Hildenbrand, Lena; Wiley, Jennifer – Grantee Submission, 2021
Many studies have demonstrated that testing students on to-be-learned materials can be an effective learning activity. However, past studies have also shown that some practice test formats are more effective than others. Open-ended recall or short answer practice tests may be effective because the questions prompt deeper processing as students…
Descriptors: Test Format, Outcomes of Education, Cognitive Processes, Learning Activities
Barth, Amy E.; Vaughn, Sharon; McCulley, Elisabeth V. – International Journal for Research in Learning Disabilities, 2015
Reading comprehension is an essential academic skill (Nash & Snowling, 2006;National Reading Panel, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000).Yet, among students in the eighth grade, approximately 64% of all students and 91% of students with disabilities do not read at proficient levels (National Center for Education…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Reading Difficulties, Intervention, Reading Instruction

Brown, Roger; And Others – Music Educators Journal, 1979
Roger Brown, Diana Deutsch, Warren Benson, and Ruth Day comment on the similarities and differences between verbal language and music as forms of communication. This discussion occurred at the first session of the National Symposium on the Applications of Psychology to the Teaching and Learning of Music, Ann Arbor. (SJL)
Descriptors: Ambiguity, Communication (Thought Transfer), Comparative Analysis, Language
Baker, Eva L.; Lindheim, Elaine L. – 1988
This document presents a study of natural language understanding of computer programs. In the study, the performance of IRUS, a natural language query system designed to interface with a database, was compared with the performance of preschool and early elementary school children in answering questions about a specific database. Questions used in…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Comparative Analysis, Early Childhood Education, Language Patterns
Behrend, Douglas A. – 1988
A study investigated children's hypotheses about the meanings of novel verbs on the child's first exposure to the verb. The study focused on the properties (action, result, or instrument) ascribed to the verbs before any information was given about word meaning. Subjects were 3-year-olds, 5-year-olds, and adults. The stimuli were six sets of…
Descriptors: Adults, Child Language, Comparative Analysis, Language Acquisition
Moerk, Ernest L. – 1985
In the controversy over the conceptualization of language and verbal behavior there is an underlying unity of goals and concepts, characterized in the teaching and learning of the first language as acquisition or transmission of skills. Both the behaviorist and cognitive perspectives of learning accommodate this point of view conceptually, if not…
Descriptors: Behavior Theories, Comparative Analysis, Language Acquisition, Language Processing
Housel, Thomas J.; Acker, Stephen R. – 1979
Defining schemas as specific representations of world knowledge, this paper contends that schema theory offers a promising approach toward the development of a comprehensive theory of communication. The paper traces the development of schema theory, reviews current literature on the subject, and points out its potential for use in future…
Descriptors: Communication Research, Communication (Thought Transfer), Comparative Analysis, Discourse Analysis
Mandel, Rhonda G.; Johnson, Nancy S. – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1984
Examines the role of organization in adults' processing of stories. Canonical stories were better recalled than noncanonical stories by all three age groups (young, middle-aged, and old adults), and a variety of measures indicated that older adults' recall was both quantitatively and qualitatively similar to that of young adults. (SL)
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Comparative Analysis
Craig, Helen B.; Gordon, Harold W. – 1989
This paper explores the preliminary results of an ongoing 3-year study of cognitive function and cognitive education among hearing-impaired persons (n=200) and considers these results in the context of previous studies. Cognitive task performance among the deaf was below average for the verbal and sequential skills associated with the left…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Measurement, Comparative Analysis, Deafness
Scholes, Robert J. – 1990
A discussion of pre-historic (i.e., preliterate) language looks at the processes of affixation and inflection in the context of two conflicting theories on the complexity of those languages. The traditional view holds that the grammar used by early Indo-Europeans was at least as complex and abstract as that of any modern educated and literate…
Descriptors: Affixes, Comparative Analysis, Diachronic Linguistics, Grammar
Flottum, Kjersti – 1987
A study compared text summaries produced by French high school students and those written by experts. The study's objective was to determine how language users distinguish the essential from the peripheral information, to describe the summarizing process, and to apply the macrostructure theory to the process of summarizing. The summarized texts…
Descriptors: Adults, Cohesion (Written Composition), Comparative Analysis, French
Adams, Cynthia – 1987
A study compared the way in which subjects belonging to four different age groups produced written recall and summary responses after being presented with a narrative story. A seventh-grade-level, 500-word story that contained 78 idea units was presented to two groups of adolescents (mean ages, 14.14 years and 17.55 years) and two groups of adults…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Adult Development, Adult Education, Adults
Chien, Yu-Chin; Wexler, Kenneth – 1987
Three experiments investigated the development in young children of two concepts: the antecedent possibilities for reflexives (e.g., himself or herself) and pronouns (e.g., him or her). In the first experiment, 156 English-speaking children aged 2;6 to 6;6 and 21 adults were tested for their understanding of antecedents within reflexive sentences,…
Descriptors: Adults, Child Language, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis