After explaining the development of the conscience, or "superego," as closely related to self-esteem, and produced through experiences with caregivers, this discussion indicates the nature of discipline and differentiates between discipline and punishment. Four principles assumed to operate in the development of conscience are specified.…

This paper presents the philosophy, goals and curriculum of the San Jose University Demonstration Preschool Project and presents preliminary data on the integration of mild to moderately handicapped preschool children into the program. The program, which enrolls 6 handicapped children and 14 non-handicapped children, is based on the developmental…

Using pattern observation, this study examined the relationship between communication in a small group of children and basic parameters of social support (quantity, content, structure, and function of the communication). Researchers observed two separate groups. Subjects were 77 children (54 girls and 23 boys), ages 5-7. Data showed that: (1) when…

This paper discusses causes and symptoms of transsexual identity in young children, especially boys. Presented are defining characteristics and possible causal factors of cross-gender behavior based on the work of Richard Green and others. Research thus far has been unable to strongly implicate either biological or psychological etiological…

The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the factor structure of the Teacher Temperament Questionnaire (TTQ); and (2) to use this questionnaire as an instrument to determine if the factor structure of the TTQ corresponded to the New York Longitudinal Study (NYLS) temperament qualities. The TTQ, consisting of 64 behavioral items, measures…

This paper reports the results of an ongoing study of individuals' ego control and ego resiliency. The study began with 130 subjects in 1969 when the subjects were in nursery school. At the most recent assessment, 104 participants still remained. Ego control is defined as the degree and kind of control individuals exert over their impulses, and…

This paper discusses the differences between the one-child family and the family with more than one child in terms of the effects or possible effects on the child. Longitudinal studies of 200 children being followed from birth through age 5 (one-third of whom are only children, two-thirds, second children, were used as a data base, along with a…

This paper reports on part of a longitudinal study of personality and cognitive development in young children, specifically, efforts to identify and measure the concepts of ego control and ego resiliency. The concept of ego control refers to the disposition or threshold of an individual with regard to the expression or containment of impulses and…

Using observation and analysis of children's interactions with their environments, this study evaluated the quality of parent-run day care centers. Observation reduces the degree of subjectivism, respects the integrity of the child-care situation, and allows one to witness the actual effects of the environment and to observe the combined effect of…