There is little discussion in the Design-Based Research (DBR) literature on how to design an intervention that has the potential to be highly effective. The act of designing is usually viewed as engineering something from theory or research on best practices. This paper challenges that universal belief and presents successful design as an…

Educational management wants to comprehend the uses of ICT in Education to get a grip on its effects due to the multiple annual investments in the Virtual Learning Environment. In the search to define educational parameters a vast amount of datasets is examined from 289 institutes using Blackboard. The focus is on the three dimensions growth,…

Program directors and evaluators need to address the important program accountability question of attribution of outcomes. This discussion is a beginning. Starting with some basics, such as the meaning of the program, approaches to program theory development, and the nature of attribution, the paper suggests three types of attribution. An…

The purpose of the focus group design described in this paper was to identify the needs of students in English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) programs for use by researchers, program designers, and teachers. The pilot focus group consisted of students from various programs who were preparing to take the Test of English as a Foreign Language. They were…

Systematic investigation of processes involved in needs analysis would improve current knowledge of the procedure and would bring analysts closer to the goal of generalized validity rather than situational validity. This article deals with two phases of the needs assessment process: selecting participants and defining needs and alternatives in…

This paper reviews some major lessons learned by participants in the Follow Through programs about the process ofimplementing innovative educational programs and outlines how these lessons were recorded and formulated for use by others. Using a perspective and method derived from anthropology and oral history these program aspects are described:…

The theory of action research is discussed in terms of how second-order action research can help theorists to clarify and deepen their understanding of action research. After a brief introduction, the paper examines methodological criteria governing a piece of action research conducted at an action research training workshop sponsored by the…

Educators in North Carolina, recognizing a need to develop a more objective, performance-based teacher evaluation system, determined that evaluation of teachers should have both formative and summative outcomes and should focus on improvement of teacher skills. The Teacher Performance Appraisal System (TPAS), a companion to the North Carolina…

A summary report of the first two years of the Arizona Career Ladder Research and Evaluation Project is presented. This program, established in 1985, included the formulation of the Joint Legislative Committee on Career Ladders, which provided oversight for program implementation and development. The pilot program seeks to determine if student…

Levels of use of the innovation represent behaviors demonstrated by individuals as they grow in the process of innovation implementation. Eight levels of use have been defined, ranging from lack of knowledge about the innovation through highly sophisticated, impact-oriented use. Operational definitions include seven categories of adopter knowledge…

This paper focuses on some of the most important factors that appear to have strongly influenced the development of the dominant research designs used in mathematics education research. Factors discussed that have influenced research design in mathematics education include a concern about increasing the relevance of research to practice and the…

The involvement of a large regional university's institutional support units in a self-study is discussed. The university had initiated its first experience with a comprehensive and systematic approach to planning. Attention is focused on the self-study procedures in the support units and on the resulting reports. Four support units with diverse…

An action research model of program planning and inservice teacher education is presented. The model systematically includes three groups of participants--teachers and paraprofessionals, parents and members of the community, and university and administrative personnel, and is called the "triangulation" model. Inherent in the design is…

The mission for Urban SEALS (Special Education Academic Leaders), a federally funded doctoral preparation program, is to prepare doctoral-level special educators, including those who are culturally and/or linguistically diverse (CLD) to assume leadership roles in the education of urban students with disabilities who are CLD. This paper provides…

A previous paper argued that issues of validity in self-study research are first and foremost moral arguments about educational practice. It also asserted that if a self-study is to be valid, then the educational merit of the practice studied must be appropriate. Considering the responses of symposium participants to these assertions has resulted…