Teachers progress through stages of professional development chronologically and sequentially. To provide continuous professional development, these stages should be identified and programs effective for each stage offered. The pre-education student needs introductory and experiential programing. This presents an opportunity for assessing the…

A reading program implemented in the Birmingham, Alabama, public schools in 1974 has produced increases in reading achievement in each of the years it has been used. Prior to 1974, the average Birmingham student's standardized reading test scores ranged from two months below the national average at the end of first grade to one year and nine…