The individualistic enterprise of education is questioned in this paper. The scientific movement in education in collaboration with private corporations and federal funding has fostered an individualistic enterprise that promotes a restricted role of the individual in society. Three well-known individualization projects are Individually Guided…

This review of applications of educational technology in U.S. military training programs from 1960 to 1980 shows how the use of various audiovisual aids led, in turn, to programed instruction, the systems approach to instructional development, and the development of the Instructional Systems Design (ISD) Model. More than 30 references are listed.…

A review was made of current practices, problems, and related efforts to improve public education. It showed that teachers have been asked to perform an impossible instructional task, and to improve public education a systematic study of the important relevant variables must be initiated. These findings need to be implemented in systematic…

This model instructional system, developed for the office cluster of business occupations but having relevance for other curricula, is an approach to "modernizing" office education. Since there was a need for immediate job relevance of instruction and an integrated career progression, the instructional system is designed to be career-…