The underlying factor structure of the Language Learning Strategy Scale (LLSS) (Y. Chen, 2001) was examined to determine its consistency across 2 distinct cultures. Variables that affected students' language learning were also identified. The validation study for the LLSS suggested a three-factor model of functional strategies, deep-processing…

A Foreign Language Enrollment Motivation Inventory was administered to 400 secondary school foreign language students in Minnesota. The following considerations were found to be influences on decisions by students to continue or not to continue language study: (1) language classroom activities, (2) interest in speaking the target language, (3)…