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Oscar Clivio; Avi Feller; Chris Holmes – Grantee Submission, 2024
Reweighting a distribution to minimize a distance to a target distribution is a powerful and flexible strategy for estimating a wide range of causal effects, but can be challenging in practice because optimal weights typically depend on knowledge of the underlying data generating process. In this paper, we focus on design-based weights, which do…
Descriptors: Evaluation Methods, Causal Models, Error of Measurement, Guidelines
Adam C. Sales; Ethan Prihar; Johann Gagnon-Bartsch; Ashish Gurung; Neil T. Heffernan – Grantee Submission, 2022
Randomized A/B tests allow causal estimation without confounding but are often under-powered. This paper uses a new dataset, including over 250 randomized comparisons conducted in an online learning platform, to illustrate a method combining data from A/B tests with log data from users who were not in the experiment. Inference remains exact and…
Descriptors: Research Methodology, Educational Experiments, Causal Models, Computation
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Yanping Pei; Adam Sales; Johann Gagnon-Bartsch – Grantee Submission, 2024
Randomized A/B tests within online learning platforms enable us to draw unbiased causal estimators. However, precise estimates of treatment effects can be challenging due to minimal participation, resulting in underpowered A/B tests. Recent advancements indicate that leveraging auxiliary information from detailed logs and employing design-based…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Learning Management Systems, Causal Models, Learning Analytics
Yu, Chong Ho – 2002
This paper asserts that causality is an intriguing but controversial topic in philosophy, statistics, and educational and psychological research. By supporting the Causal Markov Condition and the faithfulness condition, Clark Glymour attempted to draw causal inferences from structural equation modeling. According to Glymour, in order to make…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Markov Processes, Probability, Statistical Inference
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Jones, W. Paul – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1991
A Bayesian alternative to interpretations based on classical reliability theory is presented. Procedures are detailed for calculation of a posterior score and credible interval with joint consideration of item sample and occasion error. (Author/SLD)
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Equations (Mathematics), Mathematical Models, Statistical Inference
Kish, Leslie – 1989
A brief, practical overview of "design effects" (DEFFs) is presented for users of the results of sample surveys. The overview is intended to help such users to determine how and when to use DEFFs and to compute them correctly. DEFFs are needed only for inferential statistics, not for descriptive statistics. When the selections for…
Descriptors: Computer Software, Error of Measurement, Mathematical Models, Research Design
Briggs, Derek. C. – 2003
In the social sciences, evaluating the effectiveness of a program or intervention often leads researchers to draw causal inferences from observational research designs. Bias in estimated causal effects becomes an obvious problem in such settings. This paper presents the Heckman Model as an approach sometimes applied to observational data for the…
Descriptors: Causal Models, College Entrance Examinations, Program Effectiveness, Regression (Statistics)
Chou, Tungshan; Wang, Lih-Shing – 1992
P. O. Johnson and J. Neyman (1936) proposed a general linear hypothesis testing procedure for testing the null hypothesis of no treatment difference in the presence of some covariates. This is generally known as the Johnson-Neyman (JN) technique. The need for the hypothesis testing step (often omitted) as originally presented and the…
Descriptors: Computer Simulation, Equations (Mathematics), Foreign Countries, Hypothesis Testing
Olson, Jeffery E. – 1992
Often, all of the variables in a model are latent, random, or subject to measurement error, or there is not an obvious dependent variable. When any of these conditions exist, an appropriate method for estimating the linear relationships among the variables is Least Principal Components Analysis. Least Principal Components are robust, consistent,…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Factor Analysis, Goodness of Fit, Mathematical Models
de Vos, Henny – 1995
School-effectiveness research is constrained by ambiguous factors of effectiveness and a lack of theory. This paper presents findings of a study that used simulation to improve school-effectiveness theory. Simulation is also used to explore the direct effects of schools on individual learning. After introducing simulation models, the paper…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Educational Policy, Effective Schools Research, Foreign Countries
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Cliff, Norman; Charlin, Ventura – Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1991
Variance formulas of H. E. Daniels and M. G. Kendall (1947) are generalized to allow for the presence of ties and variance of the sample tau correlation. Applications of these generalized formulas are discussed and illustrated using data from a 1965 study of contraceptive use in 15 developing countries. (SLD)
Descriptors: Analysis of Covariance, Analysis of Variance, Contraception, Developing Nations
Thompson, Bruce – 2000
Web-based statistical instruction, like all statistical instruction, ought to focus on teaching the essence of the research endeavor: the exercise of reflective judgment. Using the framework of the recent report of the American Psychological Association (APA) Task Force on Statistical Inference (Wilkinson and the APA Task Force on Statistical…
Descriptors: College Students, Comprehension, Computer Assisted Instruction, Evaluation Methods
Sandler, Andrew B. – 1987
Statistical significance is misused in educational and psychological research when it is applied as a method to establish the reliability of research results. Other techniques have been developed which can be correctly utilized to establish the generalizability of findings. Methods that do provide such estimates are known as invariance or…
Descriptors: Analysis of Covariance, Analysis of Variance, Correlation, Discriminant Analysis
Madhere, Serge – 1986
One of the most appropriate quasiexperimental approaches to compensatory education is the regression-discontinuity design. However, it remains underutilized, in part because of the need to clarify the link between the mathematical model and administrative decision-making. This paper explains the derivation of a program efficiency index congruent…
Descriptors: Compensatory Education, Cutting Scores, Effect Size, Elementary Education