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Nie, Bruce; Deacon, Hélène; Fyshe, Alona; Epp, Carrie Demmans – International Educational Data Mining Society, 2022
A child's ability to understand text (reading comprehension) can greatly impact both their ability to learn in the classroom and their future contributions to society. Reading comprehension draws on oral language; behavioural measures of knowledge at the word and sentence levels have been shown to be related to children's reading comprehension. In…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Word Order, Sentence Structure, Grade 3
Nese, Joseph F. T.; Alonzo, Julie; Biancarosa, Gina; Kamata, Akihito; Kahn, Joshua – Grantee Submission, 2017
Text complexity has received increased attention due to the CCSS, which call for students to comprehend increasingly more complex texts as they progress through grades. Quantitative text complexity (or readability) indices are based on text attributes (e.g., sentence lengths, and lexical, syntactic, & semantic difficulty), quantified by…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Difficulty Level, Readability, Sentence Structure
Mirzaei, Maryam Sadat; Meshgi, Kourosh – Research-publishing.net, 2020
This paper investigates the effect of sentence complexity, specifically lexical and syntactic surprisal, on L2 listening difficulty. Psycholinguistic studies revealed that surprisal cases correlate with textual comprehension difficulty. Based on surprisal theory, these cases are less probable or expected, considering the precedent context, thus…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Difficulty Level, Listening Skills
Sarabi, M. K.; Gafoor, K. Abdul – Online Submission, 2017
Difficulties in mathematics learning are a multi-faceted issue and the role of language in it is crucial. Language of mathematics includes mathematics text, discourse in classroom and language used in evaluation situations with its specific verbal, symbolic expressions, structure and function. Ambiguity arising from the difference between formal…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Mathematics Instruction, Elementary School Students, Language Skills
Sarabi, M. K.; Gafoor, K. Abdul – Online Submission, 2017
Aspects that influences mathematics learning is widely studied and language factors have been identified as a key backer to difficulties in learning Mathematics. It is evidenced that not only cognitive factors but also affective factors have vital role in learning mathematics. Such affective beliefs sources from various aspects of mathematics…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Language of Instruction, Mathematics Tests, Language Tests
Schmidt, Eunice L. – 1977
The original version of the "Helen Keller Story" and a linguistically more complex version of it were used to test the hypothesis that reading comprehension is affected by the complexity of linguistic structures. Complexity was measured by four readability measures, the mean number of words per T-unit, and the Schmidt-Kittrell Linguistic…
Descriptors: College Students, Difficulty Level, Readability, Reading Comprehension
Gowie, Cheryl J.; Powers, James E. – 1978
Current views both of reading and of understanding spoken language conceptualize the process of deriving meaning as similar to hypothesis testing. The listener or reader is seen as selecting whatever information is required to confirm the hypothesized meaning. In the present study, 60 children (12 each in grades four through eight) reworded…
Descriptors: Comprehension, Difficulty Level, Elementary Education, Language Acquisition

Williams, Joseph M. – College English, 1979
The clearest writing style is one in which the grammatical structures of a sentence most redundantly support the perceived semantic structure; a textured style is one in which the syntactic complexity invests a sentence with distinctive force. (DD)
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Grammar, Higher Education, Language Styles
Wilcox, George K. – 1989
An analysis of the syntax of economics textbooks was undertaken to (1) provide real-language examples of the difficult grammatical structures being taught in an advanced economics reading course, and (2) construct a factual database of the nature of economics textbooks. Five texts representative of those typically used in introductory economics…
Descriptors: Adjectives, Content Analysis, Difficulty Level, Discourse Analysis

Perron, John D. – 1977
This paper suggests that a change in mode of expression --narrative, descriptive, or expository--can influence the syntactic complexity of children's writing. The implications of the research studies reviewed here may offer direction for education in general. Instructional strategies which make use of variation in writing mode to encourage gains…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Descriptive Writing, Difficulty Level
Green, Kathy E. – 1983
The purpose of this study was to determine whether item difficulty is significantly affected by language difficulty and response set convergence. Language difficulty was varied by increasing sentence (stem) length, increasing syntactic complexity, and substituting uncommon words for more familiar terms in the item stem. Item wording ranged from…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Item Analysis
Crowhurst, Marion – 1979
The compositions of sixth, tenth, and twelfth grade students were used to determine whether narrations or arguments of high syntactic complexity were rated higher than narrations or arguments of low syntactic complexity. Selection of the compositions was made in pairs--one of high syntactic complexity and one of low syntactic complexity--each…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Educational Research, Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Criteria
Chesnick, M. A.; And Others – 1992
This study investigated the development of oral metalinguistic abilities in 140 children (ages 5-12) with oral language or reading impairments. The study focused on determining the difficulties that children with these different types of problems have at different ages in the elementary school years and determining how metalinguistic abilities…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Developmental Stages, Difficulty Level, Elementary Education
Kachuck, Beatrice Levy – 1978
Six reading textbook series and two standardized reading tests were examined for their uses of 16 syntax structures and the sequential patterns of increasing complexity of syntax structures within each series. Results were as follows: although the series showed overall increases in complexity across the six grades, the increases were not…
Descriptors: Basal Reading, Difficulty Level, Elementary Education, Intermediate Grades
Hedayet, Nagwa – 1990
A study investigated patterns in the apparent syntactic errors of native English-speaking, upper-level learners of Arabic as a foreign language. One hundred writing samples, including summaries, criticisms, and free composition, were gathered from a number of university courses. Error types analyzed included articles, subordinate clauses, two-word…
Descriptors: Advanced Courses, Arabic, Contrastive Linguistics, Difficulty Level
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