Passive learning environments to teach programming concepts, especially in large lecture classes, hinder students' motivation, performance and may adversely affect their achievement goals. The study presents the use of two instructional strategies, teamwork, and reflective thinking, using educational technologies introduced in a class of 120…

Each of four instructors was assigned two sections of introductory psychology, one experimental and one lecture/control. Experimental sections were divided into teams of five to eight students and complied with the following schedule for each of seven two-week unites. In the first class meeting, subject matter was introduced and discussion topics…