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Cahan, Sorel; Cohen, Nora – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1990
A solution is offered to problems associated with the inequality in the manipulability of probabilities of classification errors of masters versus nonmasters, based on competency test results. Eschewing the typical arbitrary establishment of observed-score standards below 100 percent, the solution incorporates a self-correction of wrong answers.…
Descriptors: Classification, Error of Measurement, Mastery Tests, Minimum Competency Testing
Hambleton, Ronald K.; And Others – 1990
Item response theory (IRT) model parameter estimates have considerable merit and open up new directions for test development, but misleading results are often obtained because of errors in the item parameter estimates. The problem of the effects of item parameter estimation errors on the test development process is discussed, and the seriousness…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Estimation (Mathematics), Item Response Theory, Sampling
Wainer, Howard; Wright, Benjamin D. – 1980
The pure Rasch model was compared with four modifications of the model in a number of different simulations in order to ascertain the comparative efficiencies of the parameter estimations of these modifications. Because there is always noise in test score data, some individuals may have response patterns that do not fit the model and their…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Guessing (Tests), Item Analysis, Latent Trait Theory
Lathrop, Robert – 1980
This report stems from the misunderstanding of what general standardized tests and standardized admission tests can and were designed to do, and an uneasiness with certain discoveries concerning biases in the tests. Important issues such as margin of error, predictive value, social and racial bias, and the effects of coaching are the very issues…
Descriptors: College Entrance Examinations, Disclosure, Error of Measurement, Higher Education
Doss, David; Ligon, Glynn – 1985
Upon learning that a form of the Sequential Tests of Educational Progress was incorrectly distributed to an unidentified number of high school students along with an answer sheet pregridded with an alternate test form, the Austin Independent School District performed the following research analyses: (1) scored the tests using the key for each…
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Error of Measurement, Latent Trait Theory, Measurement Techniques
Schmitt, Alicia P.; Crocker, Linda – 1981
The effectiveness of a strategy for improving performance on multiple choice items for examinees with different levels of test anxiety was assessed. Undergraduate measurement students responded to the Mandler-Sarason Test Anxiety Scale and to an objective test covering course content. Results indicated that, for most examinees, generation of an…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Higher Education, Multiple Choice Tests, Response Style (Tests)
Hambleton, Ronald K.; Jones, Russell W. – 1993
Errors in item parameter estimates have a negative impact on the accuracy of item and test information functions. The estimation errors may be random, but because items with higher levels of discriminating power are more likely to be selected for a test, and these items are most apt to contain positive errors, the result is that item information…
Descriptors: Computer Simulation, Error of Measurement, Estimation (Mathematics), Item Banks
Schell, Leo M. – 1981
Errors in oral reading tests result from inaccuracies that tend to creep in because children are not totally consistent while taking a test and from inaccuracies caused when the examiner does not catch a word recognition error, giving credit for an answer that is more wrong than right or vice versa. Every test contains a standard error of…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Informal Reading Inventories, Oral Reading, Reading Tests
Kolstad, Andrew – 1990
Use of clustering methods with data from the 1987 High School Transcript (HST) component of the 1986 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is discussed in an attempt to persuade data analysts and researchers that they should be interested in problems traditionally turned over to samplers. Nearly all surveys used by the National Center…
Descriptors: Cluster Analysis, Educational Assessment, Error of Measurement, Estimation (Mathematics)
Livingston, Samuel A. – 1986
This paper deals with test fairness regarding a test consisting of two parts: (1) a "common" section, taken by all students; and (2) a "variable" section, in which some students may answer a different set of questions from other students. For example, a test taken by several thousand students each year contains a common multiple-choice portion and…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Error of Measurement, Essay Tests, Mathematical Models
Shale, Doug – 1986
This study is an attempt at a cohesive characterization of the concept of essay reliability. As such, it takes as a basic premise that previous and current practices in reporting reliability estimates for essay tests have certain shortcomings. The study provides an analysis of these shortcomings--partly to encourage a fuller understanding of the…
Descriptors: Analysis of Variance, Correlation, Error of Measurement, Essay Tests
Goldberg, Gail Lynn; Walker-Bartnick, Leslie – 1988
A scoring rubric transition study is described. It was designed to evaluate possible drift in scoring the Maryland Writing Test from year to year (when using a modified holistic scoring method), to evaluate strategies for revising swing rubrics from narrative and explanatory writing while maintaining original scoring standards, and to establish…
Descriptors: Educational Assessment, Elementary Secondary Education, Error of Measurement, Grading
Cuttance, Peter F. – 1982
Covariance structure modelling is applied to the problem of estimating reliability and measurement error in survey data. To provide a basis for grouping certain question or variable types (data from questions), a simple typology based on the formal characteristics of the questions is outlined. From this classification, models for the different…
Descriptors: Analysis of Covariance, Correlation, Educational Research, Error of Measurement
Lance, Charles E.; Moomaw, Michael E. – 1983
Direct assessments of the accuracy with which raters can use a rating instrument are presented. This study demonstrated how surplus behavioral incidents scaled during the development of Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) can be used effectively in the evaluation of the newly developed scales. Construction of scenarios of hypothetical…
Descriptors: Behavior Rating Scales, Comparative Analysis, Error of Measurement, Evaluation Criteria

Israel, Glenn D.; Taylor, C. L. – Evaluation and Program Planning, 1990
Mail questionnaire items that are susceptible to order effects were examined using data from 168 questionnaires in a Florida Cooperative Extension Service evaluation. Order effects were found for multiple-response and attributive questions but not for single-response items. Order also interacted with question complexity, social desirability, and…
Descriptors: Adult Farmer Education, Difficulty Level, Educational Assessment, Error of Measurement
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