Detailed learning objectives foster an effective and equitable learning environment by clarifying what instructors expect students to learn, rather than requiring students to use prior knowledge to infer these expectations. When questions are labeled with relevant learning goals, students understand which skills are tested by those questions.…

Eponymous terms play an important role in STEM education. This research focuses on the current state of Mendeleev eponyms in the context of education and ethnocentrism, addressing their usage in various languages, their educational value, cases of questioned priority and copyright violation in Mendeleev major eponyms--periodic table and periodic…

Emoji are commonly used in social media to convey attitudes and emotions. While popular, their use in educational contexts has been sparsely studied. This paper reports on the students' use of emoji in an online course forum in which students annotate and discuss course material in the margins of the online textbook. For this study, instructors…

In this study, the content analysis' categories and sub topics were drawn up for sixth and seventh grade computer textbooks in order to compare visual and verbal contents of these textbooks. Totally nine sixth and seventh grade computer textbooks which were chosen by Ministry of National Education were included in this study. These nine textbooks…

Two distinct approaches to the analysis of illustrations are described. Functional analysis, which is based on the view that what an illustration looks like is less important that what it is meant to do in a given text, is seen as a more useful approach than morphological analysis, which is concerned with what illustrations look like. Three…

During several years of experimentation, we accumulated a large collection of data on the analysis of problems generally encountered in algebra and on the reasoning developed by students at different levels when confronted with these problems. Analysis of this data led us to a new way of looking at differences among word problems, and to the…

English nominalizations turn verbs and adjectives into nouns systematically, but their meanings can change unpredictably. In the United States, college composition handbooks urge students to avoid using nominalizations, but elsewhere secondary students learn to write them responsibly and to recognize being manipulated when reading them.…

A study was conducted to determine whether interjudge reliabilities on assignments of comprehension questions to the Barrett Taxonomy categories could be attained and whether the taxonomy could be used as a criterion to assess varying levels of reading comprehension questions in various reading textbooks. A total of 623 questions from three fourth…

The concept of physical and chemical change is far from being the clearest and most self-explanatory concept in the world. If a number of chemists are asked to define physical and chemical change, there may well appear to be a fair degree of uniformity in their answers, until a few examples are suggested. When chemists are asked to place a variety…