There is a vibrant literature dedicated to evaluating the effects of international education experiences on the students who participate in them. While much discourse centers on the development of "(inter) cultural competencies," research on assessment suggests that these competencies develop over a longer period of time than most abroad…

The globalization of business, education, and other sectors has illuminated the need for institutions of higher education to prepare students to adapt, interact, and perform in culturally diverse environments (Arnett, 2002; Brislin & Yoshida, 1994; Elmuti et al., 2005; Williams et al., 2017). Utilizing the conceptual framework of Deardorff's…