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Nominal and Verbal Agreement in Portuguese: Differential Outcomes of a Focus on Language in a Fourth-Grade Immersion Class
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Child, Michael W.; Bateman, Blair E. – Hispania, 2020
Immersion students' language abilities are generally characterized by strong receptive skills (listening, reading) and less developed productive skills (speaking, writing) when compared with L1 speakers of the immersion language (e.g., Allen et al. 1990; Cummins 1998; Harley 1992). In this paper we report results from a six-month mixed-methods…
Descriptors: Grammar, Portuguese, Second Language Learning, Error Correction
Does L1 Make a Difference? Evidence from the Receptive Vocabulary Size of Spanish and German EFL Primary School Learners
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Agustin Llach, Maria Pilar – Language Learning Journal, 2016
The present paper explores and compares the receptive vocabulary sizes of two groups of learners of different native languages. One of the most widely used vocabulary size tests is the Vocabulary Levels Test designed by Nation. Some reservations have been raised in relation to the adequacy of the Vocabulary Levels Test to estimate the vocabulary…
Descriptors: Vocabulary, German, Spanish, Native Speakers