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Johnson, Martin; Majewska, Dominika – Cambridge University Press & Assessment, 2022
This review uses research literature to outline the characteristics, benefits and disadvantages of formal, non-formal, and informal learning. There appears to be a consensus around the meanings of formal and informal learning. Formal learning broadly aligns with organised, institutionalised learning models (such as learning seen in schools),…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Informal Education, Models, Educational Cooperation
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Proctor, Adele; Murnyack, Tammy – Infants and Young Children, 1995
A literature review identified behaviors representative of the normal stages of communication, cognition, and vocalization in children's prelinguistic period. Results were organized as a checklist for assessment of at-risk infants. The checklist is recommended for monitoring infant development, supplementing formal screenings and diagnostic tools,…
Descriptors: At Risk Persons, Check Lists, Cognitive Development, Communication Disorders
Hoegl, Juergen – 1985
The purpose of this paper is to examine the benefits of early childhood education (ECE) for children whose proficiency in English is limited. Specifically, the paper (1) defines the basic characteristics of limited English proficient (LEP) children; (2) discusses educational risk factors and preschool enrollments of LEP children; (3) presents the…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Cognitive Development, Definitions, Demography