The aim of this study was to examine the gender differences among EFL diploma students in grammar based on an English achievement test. This study was motivated by the observed challenges Saudi students face with mastering grammar, a crucial element of English proficiency that forms the basis of all four aspects of language: listening, speaking,…

Formal language hierarchy describes levels of increasing syntactic complexity (adjacent dependencies, nonadjacent nested, nonadjacent crossed) of which the transcription into a hierarchy of cognitive complexity remains under debate. The cognitive foundations of formal language hierarchy have been contradicted by two types of evidence: First,…

As teachers' experiences are a prerequisite for developing an understanding of the challenges of teaching, their reflections on the potential of using authentic text in L1 grammar teaching deserves closer attention. This paper presents a focus-group study with six Swedish L1 teachers at upper secondary level during an intervention, in which they…

This paper examines the rapid evolution of net slang and its consequential impact on Standard Mandarin, highlighting the interplay between net slang and traditional linguistic norms. The study begins by delineating three principal characteristics of net slang: multiformity, simplicity, and flexibility. Through a survey assessing Chinese attitudes…

Critical approaches to literature in secondary English require greater attention to narrative discourse. In this conceptual article, I provide interpretative tools from contemporary narratology and demonstrate their critical potential for high school English. In particular, I outline critical literacy's vital but overattentive focus on the…

The use of AI-powered chatbots has recently been extensively examined for second language (L2) learning. While their positive effects have been widely reported regarding L2 English learning, studies involving less commonly taught languages (LCTLs) are scant. The current study incorporated an AI chatbot called Iruda in L2 Korean teaching, to…

The present study examines grammatical gender knowledge in offline production (gender marking on indefinite articles) and online gender processing (visual world paradigm) in adult second language (L2) learners of Norwegian with three different first languages (L1s): Greek, Russian, and Turkish. In particular, it investigates the role of the…

The present continuous tense can be problematic among L1 Thai learners due to the variation in contexts in which the tense can be used (Boonjoon, 2017; Khattiya, 2018; Kongthai, 2015). The present study aimed to examine the functional use of the English present continuous tense by L1 Thai learners under the theoretical framework of the…

This study aims to examine the impact of gamified learning using Quizizz on English as a second language (ESL) learners' grammar achievement. The pre-/post-test control group design was applied to research 63 English-majored freshmen. 20 multiple-choice quizzes were designed based on grammar points included in the basic grammar course over a…

Integrated writing has gained importance in both tertiary and secondary learning contexts. However, assessment tasks at secondary schools have received little attention. To obtain evidence of skill integration, a task-defining feature for integrated writing, we developed a comprehensive questionnaire study of an understudied task used in the…

This study aimed to examine the practices of EFL teachers in test construction. It was conducted in six purposively selected secondary schools. The study addressed the following question: What are the practices of EFL teachers in test construction? The theoretical basis of the study was Bloom's taxonomy. The design of the study was a convergent…

It is possible for students to listen to the texts selected in a way that can attract their interest in accordance with their level and to share the main points in the text with their friends and teachers through narration. It is important to determine which elements primary school students utilize in the process of understanding the stories they…

This classroom study investigated the effectiveness of form-focused instruction and peer feedback training to improve grammatical accuracy and thereby maximize learning opportunities during peer interaction. Eighty-seven third-semester learners of German were assigned to a PI group (peer interaction only), an FFI group (peer interaction and…

While the effect of reading strategies on L2 test performance has been extensively researched, the effect of test-taking strategies remains underexplored, with mixed results due to varying contextual factors. This study, therefore, investigated the latent structure of test-taking strategies and the relationships among test-taking strategies,…

The article presents the results of the experimental enquiry aimed at studying the impact of cooperative learning on improving grammar skills. The research focused on two interaction modes -- pair work and group work, which were compared in terms of their potential to address accuracy. The experiment was carried out in the first term of the…