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Direct linkSessoms, John; Finney, Sara J. – International Journal of Testing, 2015
Because schools worldwide use low-stakes tests to make important decisions, value-added indices computed from test scores must accurately reflect student learning, which requires equal test-taking effort across testing occasions. Evaluating change in effort assumes effort is measured equivalently across occasions. We evaluated the longitudinal…
Descriptors: Testing, Measurement, Models, Change
