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Fiock, Holly; Maeda, Yukiko; Richardson, Jennifer C. – International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2021
Using three interdependent constructs: social, cognitive, and teaching presence, the Community of Inquiry framework is a theoretical process model of online learning. Specifically, teaching presence contains three sub-elements: (1) facilitation of discourse; (2) direct instruction; and (3) instructional design and organization--that work together…
Descriptors: Teacher Student Relationship, Online Courses, Instructional Design, Individual Differences
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Feng, Xiaoying; Xie, Jingjing; Liu, Yue – International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2017
Tutoring involves providing learners with a suitable level of structure and guidance to support their learning. This study reports on an exploration of how to design such structure and guidance (i.e., learning scaffolds) in the Chinese online educational context, and in so doing, answer the following two questions: (a) What scaffolding strategies…
Descriptors: Scaffolding (Teaching Technique), Tutoring, Inquiry, Foreign Countries
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Lee, Joohi; Martin, Lesisa – International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2017
One of the goals of teacher education is to prepare our citizens to communicate in a variety of ways. In our present society, communication using digital media has become essential. Although online discussions are a common component of many online courses, engaging students in online discussions has been a challenge. This study queried 86…
Descriptors: Teacher Education Programs, Student Attitudes, Science Teachers, Mathematics Teachers