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Direct linkBishop, Jessica P.; Lamb, Lisa L.; Philipp, Randolph A.; Whitacre, Ian; Schappelle, Bonnie P. – Research in Mathematics Education, 2018
We share a subset of the 41 underlying strategies that comprise five ways of reasoning about integer addition and subtraction: formal, order-based, analogy-based, computational, and emergent. The examples of the strategies are designed to provide clear comparisons and contrasts to support both teachers and researchers in understanding specific…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Numbers, Numeracy, Comparative Analysis
