The use of AI-powered chatbots has recently been extensively examined for second language (L2) learning. While their positive effects have been widely reported regarding L2 English learning, studies involving less commonly taught languages (LCTLs) are scant. The current study incorporated an AI chatbot called Iruda in L2 Korean teaching, to…

Technology-enhanced language learning has exerted positive effects on the performance and engagement of L2 learners. Since the advent of tools based on recent advancement in artificial intelligence (AI), educators have made major strides in applying state-of-the-art technologies to writing classrooms. In November 2022, an AI-powered chatbot named…

Despite the plethora of studies on the role of noticing in second language learning, little is known about the role of AI-operated feedback in noticing errors and uptake "during" and "after" writing. To address this gap, this study primarily aimed to investigate the impact of feedback modes and timing on L2 students' noticing…

Artificial agents, such as voice-controlled conversational agents (VCAs) built into smart devices, are becoming more prevalent in daily and educational contexts, enhancing the possibility of using them as language partners. However, research has primarily focused on the cognitive or affective outcomes of using these agents, overlooking questions…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been exerting a revolutionary and profound impact on the teaching of English as Foreign Language (EFL) for decades. In spite of these acknowledged advances, teachers have numerous reservations and objections against the adoption of AI-based applications. In order to facilitate the proper use and produce an…

This study attempts to explore the impact of ChatGPT on EFL learners' English writing and how this benefits from it. The three research objectives are to explore the reasons why EFL learners choose to use ChatGPT for their academic English writing, to examine how it affects EFL learners' academic English writing and define the challenges and…

While many studies have addressed the benefits of technology-assisted L2 writing, limited research has delved into how generative artificial intelligence (GAI) supports students in completing their writing tasks in Mandarin Chinese. In this study, 26 university-level Mandarin Chinese foreign language students completed two writing tasks on two…

Intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) are a valuable tool in language learning because they provide opportunities for authentic interaction. However, their effectiveness, compared with that of human interlocutors, in facilitating second and foreign language interaction has not been explored. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of IPAs…

The study investigates perceptions of AI-facilitated creativity in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) digital storytelling (DST). Focusing on language learners, instructors, and audience, the research explores how AI influences creative processes and how such creativity is perceived across different perspectives. Over a six-week period, 32 EFL…

The use of AI-based social robots has been shown to be beneficial for learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Not much is known, however, about the drivers of parental intention to use those robots in support of their children's ESL learning. This study aims to explore the factors that drive parental intention to adopt AI-based social robots…

The effectiveness of providing Written Corrective Feedback (WCF) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms to enhance students' general writing skills has been well-established. With the advent of various feedback modes in modern classrooms, this pilot study aimed to explore EFL students' perceptions and preferences regarding the…

Despite the growing interest in AI for language assessment, there remains a significant research gap regarding its usefulness for assessing less proficient language skills, particularly those of learners of English as a second or foreign language (S/FL). AI models often prioritize proficient writing, neglecting the intricacies of learner language.…

Natural language generation (NLG) is a process within artificial intelligence where computer systems produce human-comprehensible language texts from information. English as a foreign language (EFL) students' use of NLG tools might facilitate their idea generation, which is fundamental to creative writing. However, little is known about how EFL…

Recent AI-based language learning research highlights learners' crucial role, yet university learner readiness in ChatGPT-based English learning remains unexplored. Accordingly, this current research attempted to develop and validate a tool to evaluate university learner readiness for ChatGPT-assisted English learning (LRCEL) to address the…

In this technology review, we explore the affordances of the generative AI chatbot ChatGPT for language teaching and learning. In addition to this, we also present debates and drawbacks of ChatGPT. Finally, we present the digital competencies teachers and learners require to use this chatbot ethically and effectively to support language learning.