Running records is an important reading assessment for diagnosing early readers' needs in diverse instructional settings across grade levels. This study develops an innovative app to help teachers administer running records assessment and investigates teachers' perceptions of its functionality and usability in practical classrooms. The app offers…

Willingness to communicate (WTC) has recently been researched as a dynamic variable, with some investigations viewing it as a complex dynamic system (CDS). One important property associated with CDS is the notion of attractor states, which are characterized by stable patterns of behavior. The present study employed an idiodynamic method to monitor…

To determine what students expected their speech teachers to be like, students in introductory speech courses at two universities were asked to complete a questionnaire on the first day of class, prior to meeting their instructor. The students were told their instructor was male or female, but otherwise were given no information about the teacher.…