Billions of dollars are spent each year on training the most important organizational asset: employees. However, employees are resigning from organizations at an unprecedented rate, citing the lack of developmental opportunities as one of the reasons. Understandably, organizational leaders want to identify the benefits and quantify measurable…

Many layers of education governance press upon U.S. schools, so we separated state actors into those internal to and those external to the system. In the process, we unpacked the traditional state-local dichotomy. Using interview data (n = 45) from six case-study states, we analyzed local leaders', state-internal actors', and state-external…

In the California Community Colleges (CCC), authority is conditionally delegated to local college districts to approve new credit courses, articulate courses with other district colleges, and approve graduation requirements. This document details policies adopted by the CCC's Academic Senate regarding the scope, mechanisms, and conditions of that…