This study tested two cognitive models, learning styles and dual coding, which make contradictory predictions about how learners process and retain visual and auditory information. Learning styles-based instructional practices are common in educational environments despite a questionable research base, while the use of dual coding is less…

Second-year undergraduate students from 2008, 2009, and 2010 cohorts were asked to respond a questionnaire to determine their learning style preferences, the VARK questionnaire (where V is visual, A is aural, R is reading-writing, and K is kinesthetic), which was translated into Spanish by the author. The translated questionnaire was tested for…

It has been shown that previously presented material, if auditory, is remembered better than visual. The present study investigated the role of modalities in a foreign language context, hypothesizing that visual modality is superior to that of an auditory one with regard to a text-based recognition test. Thirty-six intermediate male EFL students…

At Northern Maine Technical College (NMTC), the mean age of students increased from 19.7 years in 1978 to 28.6 in 1991. In an effort to evaluate NMTC's nursing programs as perceived by traditional students (under 22 years of age) and nontraditional students (22 years of age or older), questionnaires were administered to 59 practical nursing…