The benefits of micro-teaching (pre-service teachers practicing their teaching skills with small groups of peers or students) are well documented. However, the overcrowding of the teacher education curriculum, in part due to regulatory mandates, led many initial teacher education (ITE) programs to abandon using micro-teaching. The focus of this…

Pre-service teachers' self-efficacy growth utilizing reflective practice, particularly amidst sudden onlineness, seems not to have been well studied within the Indonesian English as a foreign language context. As in-service teachers need to have some self-efficacy when facing such unprecedented changes, it is essential that reflective practice and…