The new Taiwanese citizenship curriculum has converted its traditional bullet-point guidelines to hundreds of open-ended questions. Each question acts to initiate collective inquiry, to stimulate the sharing of lived experiences and to trigger within-class conversations. The previous pre-determined educational objectives and learning outcomes, in…

This study examined constructive controversy in theological education, an application area yet unstudied. It investigated (a) the feasibility of controversy for grappling with theological/ethical issues, (b) whether complex thinking was enhanced, (c) whether social interaction was positive, and (d) advantages/disadvantages for use in…