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Direct linkDai, Haoyun; Kaan, Edith; Xu, Xiaodong – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Counterfactuals describe imagined alternatives to reality that people know to be false. Successful counterfactual comprehension therefore requires people to keep in mind both an imagined hypothetical world and the presupposed real world. "Counterfactual transparency," that is, the degree to which a context makes it easy to determine…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Semantics, Language Processing
Zou, Min; Kong, Delin; Lee, Icy – Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 2021
Although previous studies have examined the impact of online formative assessment on second language learners' writing development, scant attention has been paid to how writing teachers engage with online formative assessment and the influencing factors. By exploring three English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) writing teachers' engagement with…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction, Formative Evaluation
Download full textPapageorgiou, Spiros; Wu, Sha; Hsieh, Ching-Ni; Tannenbaum, Richard J.; Cheng, Mengmeng – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
The past decade has seen an emerging interest in mapping (aligning or linking) test scores to language proficiency levels of external performance scales or frameworks, such as the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), as well as locally developed frameworks, such as China's Standards of English Language Ability (CSE). Such alignment is…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Computer Assisted Testing
Jung, Michael, Ed.; Carstens, Ralph, Ed. – International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, 2015
The International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS) 2013, conducted by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), studied how students in different countries develop the knowledge, understanding, attitudes, dispositions, and skills that comprise computer and information literacy (CIL). The aim…
Descriptors: Computer Literacy, Information Literacy, Academic Achievement, Comparative Analysis
