Research has established that stereotyping, prejudice and collective self-esteem predict academic performance. Similarly, in Ghana, students' academic achievement could be influenced by stereotyping, prejudice and collective self-esteem, particularly, in relation to their modes of study. Thus, the study compared distance education and regular…

In recent years, hybrid education has gained attention for teaching and interacting with two groups simultaneously, where both teachers and students face challenges with interaction. We hypothesise that transactional distance plays a role in this. This study, aims to explore the characteristics of hybrid education in terms of interaction and…

With a focus on the neglected 'L2 learning experience' component in Dörnyei's L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS), this study investigated secondary students' L2 motivation in the context of online English private tutoring (EPT). Through narrative inquiry, students narrated their EPT experience online and reflected on it in comparison with that in…

The purpose of the study is to investigate whether English as a foreign language (EFL) learners are more willing to communicate and study with the same partners or different partners in speaking activities in pairs or small groups and to determine whether there are similarities or differences in learners' views regarding the same and different…