This study aimed to examine the relationships between preschool children's arithmetic performance and early numeracy skills and to identify children at risk of dyscalculia. A total of 102 children aged 60-72 months participated in the study. Participants were divided into four groups based on their arithmetic performances: High Achieving, Normal…

The aim of this study was to investigate second-grade elementary school students' performance related to their counting skills, place value understanding, and addition operation in natural numbers. A total of 205 second-grade elementary school students from Turkey participated in this study. The data were collected through a 'Personal Information…

Laboratory experiments by Steele and Aronson (1995) found that African-American subjects' performance on difficult verbal items, described as a verbal problem-solving task, was adversely affected when they were asked about their ethnicity just before working on the items. These results were attributed to stereotype threat. Asking about ethnicity…