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Restrepo-Ramos, Falcon – Hispania, 2021
This study examines the linguistic complexity of Spanish as a second language (L2) in learners' essays across proficiency levels at two timelines of a composition class during a college semester. Data comes from 22 L2 learners of Spanish enrolled in two sections of a third-year composition class at the college level, who were assigned nine…
Descriptors: Spanish, Writing Instruction, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
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McHugh, David; Shaw, Sarah; Moore, Travis R.; Ye, Leafia Zi; Romero-Masters, Philip; Halverson, Richard – Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 2020
Using a natural language processing tool, this study examined participant discourse in personalized learning schools to better understand what personalized learning looks like in practice. Term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) was used to identify the significant words and potential emergent themes for 134 interview transcripts. This…
Descriptors: Natural Language Processing, Discourse Analysis, Word Frequency, Identification