The article discusses the students' perceptions of the benefits and challenges of using multimodality, such as the linguistic, visual, and gestural aspects of speaking. Grounded within the framework of multimodality as a social semiotic approach (Kress et al., 2014), the study employed a qualitative case study method. Forty students of the English…

Students have been observed as underprepared or skipping steps during the problem-based learning (PBL) process due to fatigue or low motivation, potentially creating a barrier for effective learning. One way to explore resolving this issue is to consider whether variables of problem scenario design can be altered to optimize motivation. This mixed…