Understanding of the differential washback effects of high-stakes tests on students' learning remains limited. This study attempts to fill this research gap by investigating the differential washback effects of the National Matriculation English Test (NMET) in China on students' English learning process across genders, grades and English…

The employment of the mother tongue or first language (L1) in foreign (FL) or second language (L2) teaching is a controversial issue and still continues to take considerable attention from researchers. Hence, the current study attempted to shed light into the use of L1 in Turkish EFL classes. In particular, it focused on the amount and the…

Information on the need for and effectiveness of separate course sections for limited-English-speaking college students in basic oral communication courses is presented. The information was gathered from 3 sources: (1) a survey of 137 instutions granting graduate degrees in communication arts and sciences; (2) a survey of enrollees in…

Results of a national survey of elementary and secondary school foreign language enrollments and programs are reported. The survey sought information on the number of schools offering foreign language instruction, language course enrollment, languages taught, program types, levels offered and hours per week (for secondary schools only), class…