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Download full textNegishi, Junko; Kanzaki, Hiroyuki; Yamada, Yuko; Murakami, Masumi; Ozawa, Erika; Nakamura, Yoshiyuki – Journal of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 2020
This study explored appropriate speaking activities for speakers of different proficiency levels by measuring the changes in their brain blood flow with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Fifty adult speakers and learners of English of various proficiency levels participated in the study by undertaking four types of task: a single-speaker picture…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Speech Communication, Language Proficiency, Spectroscopy
