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Dong, Manxia; Fan, Jason; Xu, Jian – Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 2023
Understanding of the differential washback effects of high-stakes tests on students' learning remains limited. This study attempts to fill this research gap by investigating the differential washback effects of the National Matriculation English Test (NMET) in China on students' English learning process across genders, grades and English…
Descriptors: Testing Problems, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
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Autman, Hamlet; Kelly, Stephanie – Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 2017
This article contains two measurement development studies on writing apprehension. Study 1 reexamines the validity of the writing apprehension measure based on the finding from prior research that a second false factor was embedded. The findings from Study 1 support the validity of a reduced measure with 6 items versus the original 20-item…
Descriptors: Writing Apprehension, Writing Tests, Test Validity, Test Reliability
Bowers, John J. – 1982
Occupational education has an impact on students in the form of economic returns to the individual and society through the development of technical skills. The Association of Vocational Education Administrators (AVEA) launched this study to test the hypothesis that vocational programs also have a positive impact on student's social, affective and…
Descriptors: Attitude Measures, Educational Benefits, Evaluation Methods, Factor Analysis