Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the subsequent anthrax bioterrorism mailings, the science community and others worried that technical articles might inadvertently aid those planning acts of terrorism. Some authors asked the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) for permission to withhold critical information from…

In the wake of September 11, 2001, and in light of heightened concerns about terrorism and the proliferation of biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons, the U.S. government has implemented a series of measures to regulate and monitor the flow of international students and scholars into the United States. Some of these measures are designed to…

The effects of government restraints on the process of free interaction between scientists is discussed. The careless application of export control laws to the transfer of information is described. Applicable statutes include: the Atomic Energy Act, the Invention Secrecy Act, the Arms Export Control Act, etc. (MLW)