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Block Design Performance in Williams Syndrome: Visuospatial Abilities or Task Approach Skills?
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Block, Elisa; Farran, Emily K.; Van Herwegen, Jo – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2022
The block design task (BDT) is a visuospatial measure that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) perform poorly on. However, it is unclear what underlies their impaired performance. This study investigated whether poorer performance is a result of visuospatial difficulties, executive function (EF) difficulties, atypical looking strategies, or a…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability, Executive Function
Working Memory Training in Youth with Autism, Fragile X, and Intellectual Disability: A Pilot Study
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Calub, Catrina A.; Benyakorn, Songpoom; Sun, Shuai; Iosif, Ana-Maria; Boyle, Lauren H.; Solomon, Marjorie; Hessl, David; Schweitzer, Julie B. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2022
This pilot study sought to identify potential markers of improvement from pre-post treatment in response to computerized working memory (WM) training for youth (ages 8-18) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and comorbid intellectual disability (ID) in a single arm, pre-post design. Participants included 26 children with ASD and 18 with comorbid…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Training, Youth, Autism Spectrum Disorders
Language Development in Infants and Toddlers with Fragile X Syndrome: Change over Time and the Role of Attention
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Kover, Sara T.; McCary, Lindsay M.; Ingram, Alexandra M.; Hatton, Deborah D.; Roberts, Jane E. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2015
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is associated with significant language and communication delays, as well as problems with attention. This study investigated early language abilities in infants and toddlers with FXS (n = 13) and considered visual attention as a predictor of those skills. We found that language abilities increased over the study period of…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Infants, Toddlers, Language Acquisition
Individuals with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Are Impaired at Explicit, but Not Implicit, Discrimination of Local Forms Embedded in Global Structures
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Giersch, Anne; Glaser, Bronwyn; Pasca, Catherine; Chabloz, Mélanie; Debbané, Martin; Eliez, Stephan – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2014
Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) are impaired at exploring visual information in space; however, not much is known about visual form discrimination in the syndrome. Thirty-five individuals with 22q11.2DS and 41 controls completed a form discrimination task with global forms made up of local elements. Affected individuals…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Cognitive Ability, Visual Perception, Visual Discrimination
Spatial-Sequential and Spatial-Simultaneous Working Memory in Individuals with Williams Syndrome
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Lanfranchi, Silvia; De Mori, Letizia; Mammarella, Irene C.; Carretti, Barbara; Vianello, Renzo – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2015
The aim of the present study was to compare visuospatial working memory performance in 18 individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) and 18 typically developing (TD) children matched for nonverbal mental age. Two aspects were considered: task presentation format (i.e., spatial-sequential or spatial-simultaneous), and level of attentional control…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Disabilities, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability
Auditory Attraction: Activation of Visual Cortex by Music and Sound in Williams Syndrome
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Thornton-Wells, Tricia A.; Cannistraci, Christopher J.; Anderson, Adam W.; Kim, Chai-Youn; Eapen, Mariam; Gore, John C.; Blake, Randolph; Dykens, Elisabeth M. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2010
Williams syndrome is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder with a distinctive phenotype, including cognitive-linguistic features, nonsocial anxiety, and a strong attraction to music. We performed functional MRI studies examining brain responses to musical and other types of auditory stimuli in young adults with Williams syndrome and typically…
Descriptors: Auditory Stimuli, Music, Mental Retardation, Young Adults