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The Quality of Everyday Eye Contact in Williams Syndrome: Insights from Cross-Syndrome Comparisons
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Ridley, Ellen; Arnott, Bronia; Riby, Deborah M.; Burt, D. Michael; Hanley, Mary; Leekam, Susan R. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2022
Past research shows that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) have heightened and prolonged eye contact. Using parent report measures, we examined not only the presence of eye contact but also its qualitative features. Study 1 included individuals with WS (n = 22, ages 6.0-36.3). Study 2 included children with different neurodevelopmental (ND)…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Congenital Impairments, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorders
Language Skills Influence Transition Planning in Adolescents with Fragile X Syndrome
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Olivia Boorom; Heather Fielding-Gebhardt; Shelley Bredin-Oja; Kandace Fleming; Rebecca E. Swinburne Romine; Nancy Brady – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2024
Individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and their parents have a range of experiences navigating the crucial transition period between adolescence and adulthood. Semi structured interviews of 47 mothers of adolescents with FXS (mean child age = 15.89 years) were analyzed to identify mothers' changing expectations during the adolescent period and…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Genetic Disorders, Intellectual Disability, Congenital Impairments
Associations between Medical History, Cognition, and Behavior in Youth with Down Syndrome: A Report from the Down Syndrome Cognition Project
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Rosser, Tracie C.; Edgin, Jamie O.; Capone, George T.; Hamilton, Debra R.; Allen, Emily G.; Dooley, Kenneth J.; Anand, Payal; Strang, John F.; Armour, A. Chelsea; Frank-Crawford, Michelle A.; Moore Channell, Marie; Pierpont, Elizabeth I.; Feingold, Eleanor; Maslen, Cheryl L.; Reeves, Roger H.; Sherman, Stephanie L. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2018
The cause of the high degree of variability in cognition and behavior among individuals with Down syndrome (DS) is unknown. We hypothesized that birth defects requiring surgery in the first years of life (congenital heart defects and gastrointestinal defects) might affect an individual's level of function. We used data from the first 234…
Descriptors: Youth, Down Syndrome, Correlation, Congenital Impairments
The Emergence of Effortful Control in Young Boys with Fragile X Syndrome
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Robinson, Marissa; Klusek, Jessica; Poe, Michele D.; Hatton, Deborah D.; Roberts, Jane E. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2018
Effortful control, or the ability to suppress a dominant response to perform a subdominant response, is an early-emerging temperament trait that is linked with positive social-emotional development. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a single-gene disorder characterized by hallmark regulatory impairments, suggesting diminished effortful control. This…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Congenital Impairments, Intellectual Disability, Males
Developmental Trajectories in Syndromes with Intellectual Disability, with a Focus on Wolf-Hirschhorn and Its Cognitive-Behavioral Profile
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Fisch, Gene S.; Carpenter, Nancy; Howard-Peebles, Patricia N.; Holden, Jeanette J. A.; Tarleton, Jack; Simensen, Richard; Battaglia, Agatino – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2012
Few studies exist of developmental trajectories in children with intellectual disability, and none for those with subtelomeric deletions. We compared developmental trajectories of children with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome to other genetic disorders. We recruited 106 children diagnosed with fragile X, Williams-Beuren syndrome, or Wolf-Hirschhorn…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Genetic Disorders, Congenital Impairments, Child Development
Establishing Equivalence: Methodological Progress in Group-Matching Design and Analysis
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Kover, Sara T.; Atwood, Amy K. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2013
This methodological review draws attention to the challenges faced by intellectual and developmental disabilities researchers in the appropriate design and analysis of group comparison studies. We provide a brief overview of matching methodologies in the field, emphasizing group-matching designs used in behavioral research on cognition and…
Descriptors: Research Methodology, Research Design, Behavioral Science Research, Comparative Analysis
Use of Special Education Services among Children With and without Congenital Gastrointestinal Anomalies
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Hamrick, Shannon E. G.; Strickland, Matthew J.; Shapira, Stuart K.; Autry, Andrew; Schendel, Diana – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2010
Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between congenital gastrointestinal anomalies requiring neonatal surgery and neurodevelopmental outcome. Among the children born in metropolitan Atlanta during 1982-2001 who survived to age 1 year (N = 762,824), we identified children with congenital gastrointestinal anomalies via linkage with the…
Descriptors: Special Education, Congenital Impairments, Physical Disabilities, Children
Subsequent Births in Families of Children with Disabilities: Using Demographic Data to Examine Parents' Reproductive Patterns
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Burke, Meghan M.; Urbano, Richard C.; Hodapp, Robert M. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2011
The authors determined family reproductive patterns after the birth of a child with (vs. without) a disability. Using Tennessee birth records, the authors examined families of children with Down syndrome (N = 1,123), spina bifida (N = 368), and population group (N = 734,189). Families of children with Down syndrome and with spina bifida were more…
Descriptors: Marital Status, Down Syndrome, Congenital Impairments, Family Size
Longitudinal Assessment of Intellectual Abilities of Children with Williams Syndrome: Multilevel Modeling of Performance on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test--Second Edition
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Mervis, Carolyn B.; Kistler, Doris J.; John, Angela E.; Morris, Colleen A. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2012
Multilevel modeling was used to address the longitudinal stability of standard scores (SSs) measuring intellectual ability for children with Williams syndrome (WS). Participants were 40 children with genetically confirmed WS who completed the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test--Second Edition (KBIT-2; A. S. Kaufman & N. L. Kaufman, 2004) 4-7…
Descriptors: Congenital Impairments, Genetic Disorders, Mental Retardation, Intelligence Quotient
Behavioral Phenotype of Fragile X Syndrome in Adolescence and Adulthood
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Smith, Leann E.; Barker, Erin T.; Seltzer, Marsha Mailick; Abbeduto, Leonard; Greenberg, Jan S. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2012
The present study explored the behavioral profile of individuals with fragile X syndrome during adolescence and adulthood. Individuals with both fragile X syndrome and autism (n = 30) were compared with (a) individuals diagnosed with fragile X syndrome (but not autism; n = 106) and (b) individuals diagnosed with autism (but not fragile X syndrome;…
Descriptors: Behavior, Profiles, Genetic Disorders, Mental Retardation
Does Attention Constrain Developmental Trajectories in Fragile X Syndrome? A 3-Year Prospective Longitudinal Study
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Cornish, Kim; Cole, Victoria; Longhi, Elena; Karmiloff-Smith, Annette; Scerif, Gaia – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2012
Basic attentional processes and their impact on developmental trajectories in fragile X syndrome were assessed in a 3-year prospective study. Although fragile X syndrome is a monogenic X-linked disorder, there is striking variability in outcomes even in young boys with the condition. Attention is a key factor constraining interactions with the…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Mental Retardation, Congenital Impairments, Attention
Behavioral Intervention for Problem Behavior in Children with Fragile X Syndrome
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Moskowitz, Lauren J.; Carr, Edward G.; Durand, V. Mark – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2011
Parents and professionals typically report problem behavior as a significant concern for children with fragile X syndrome. In the present study, the authors explored whether behaviorally based interventions would result in a reduction in problem behavior and an improvement in quality of life for 3 children with fragile X syndrome and their…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Intervention, Child Behavior, Behavior Problems
Atypical Functional Brain Activation during a Multiple Object Tracking Task in Girls with Turner Syndrome: Neurocorrelates of Reduced Spatiotemporal Resolution
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Beaton, Elliott A.; Stoddard, Joel; Lai, Song; Lackey, John; Shi, Jianrong; Ross, Judith L.; Simon, Tony J. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2010
Turner syndrome is associated with spatial and numerical cognitive impairments. We hypothesized that these nonverbal cognitive impairments result from limits in spatial and temporal processing, particularly as it affects attention. To examine spatiotemporal attention in girls with Turner syndrome versus typically developing controls, we used a…
Descriptors: Females, Congenital Impairments, Spatial Ability, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Profiles of Receptive and Expressive Language Abilities in Boys with Comorbid Fragile X Syndrome and Autism
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McDuffie, Andrea; Kover, Sara; Abbeduto, Leonard; Lewis, Pamela; Brown, Ted – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2012
The authors examined receptive and expressive language profiles for a group of verbal male children and adolescents who had fragile X syndrome along with varying degrees of autism symptoms. A categorical approach for assigning autism diagnostic classification, based on the combined use of the Autism Diagnostic Interview--Revised and the Autism…
Descriptors: Receptive Language, Expressive Language, Language Skills, Profiles