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| American Psychologist | 3 |
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| Zajonc, R. B. | 2 |
| Cleveland, H. Harrington | 1 |
| Rodgers, Joseph Lee | 1 |
| Rowe, David C. | 1 |
| van den Oord, Edwin | 1 |
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| Journal Articles | 3 |
| Opinion Papers | 2 |
| Reports - Descriptive | 1 |
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Peer reviewedZajonc, R. B. – American Psychologist, 2001
Critiques Rodgers et al.'s June 2000 research on the relation between birth order and intelligence, which suggests that it is a methodological illusion. Explains how the intellectual environment and the teaching function (whereby older children tutor younger ones) contribute to the growth of intellectual maturity, the first negatively and the…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Birth Order, Family Environment, Intellectual Development
Peer reviewedRodgers, Joseph Lee; Cleveland, H. Harrington; van den Oord, Edwin; Rowe, David C. – American Psychologist, 2001
The authors respond to critiques of their investigation of whether birth order reliably contributes to variance in intelligence, concluding that little in the critiques challenges the original position that cross-sectional data are suspect as evidence for within-family trends in intelligence. When looking inside families and directly comparing the…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Birth Order, Cross Sectional Studies, Family Environment
Peer reviewedZajonc, R. B. – American Psychologist, 2001
Birth order effects on intellectual performance show both positive and negative results. Considers the intellectual aspects of siblings' changing environments, explaining that birth order and family size effects depend crucially on the age at which children are tested. Within-family data conceal patterns of aggregate effects that are revealed by…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Birth Order, Child Development, Family (Sociological Unit)
