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Download full textIsaac M. Opper – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2021
Researchers often include covariates when they analyze the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), valuing the increased precision of the estimates over the potential of inducing small-sample bias when doing so. In this paper, we develop a sufficient condition which ensures that the inclusion of covariates does not cause small-sample bias…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Sample Size, Statistical Bias, Artificial Intelligence
