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Deng, Yaochen; Lei, Lei; Liu, Dilin – Applied Linguistics, 2021
In the past two decades, syntactic complexity measures (e.g. the length or number of words per clause/t-unit/sentences and number of clauses per t-unit/sentence, and types of clauses used) have been widely used to determine and benchmark language proficiency development in speaking and writing. (Norris and Ortega 2009; Lu 2011). However, the…
Descriptors: Syntax, Phrase Structure, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
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Hwang, Haerim; Kim, Hyunwoo – Applied Linguistics, 2023
One of the important components in second language (L2) development is to produce clause-level units of form-meaning pairings or argument structure constructions. Based on the usage-based constructionist approach that language development entails an ability to use more diverse, more complex, and less frequent constructions, this study tested…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Predictor Variables
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Polat, Nihat; Mahalingappa, Laura; Mancilla, Rae L. – Applied Linguistics, 2020
This longitudinal study examined growth patterns of written syntactic complexity of Turkish learners of English. Using a nonexperimental corpus of 852 writing samples by 284 English as a foreign language (EFL) learners over three semesters, the study addressed the following questions: which indices of syntactic complexity characterize the writing…
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
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Zhu, Hua; Li, Wei; Jankowicz-Pytel, Daria – Applied Linguistics, 2020
This article explores language learning as a process of translanguaging and of cultural translation. We draw examples from a sociolinguistic ethnography of translanguaging practices in a karate club in east London, UK. Formulaic Japanese is taught as part of karate techniques, practised as the language of performance and rituals and valued as the…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Clubs, Physical Activities, Foreign Countries
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Northbrook, Julian; Conklin, Kathy – Applied Linguistics, 2019
Usage-based approaches to second language acquisition put a premium on the linguistic input that learners receive and predict that any sequences of words that learners encounter frequently will experience a processing advantage. The current study explores the processing of high-frequency sequences of words known as 'lexical bundles' in beginner…
Descriptors: Textbooks, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
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Kremmel, Benjamin; Brunfaut, Tineke; Alderson, J. Charles – Applied Linguistics, 2017
Foreign language (FL) knowledge has been shown to contribute significantly to FL reading performance. Studies have contrasted the contribution of FL vocabulary and syntactic knowledge, following a dichotomous view of these components, producing mixed results. Despite the increasingly recognized formulaic nature of language, the contribution made…
Descriptors: Role, Phrase Structure, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
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Liu, Dilin; Zhong, Shouman – Applied Linguistics, 2016
Synonymy is important but difficult for language learners to grasp. Using a forced-choice question instrument, along with corpus data as reference, this study examines the use of four sets of synonyms by intermediate/advanced Chinese EFL/ESL learners and native English speakers. The data analyses reveal several key findings, including a general…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Acquisition, Word Frequency, Phrase Structure
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Chen, Yu-Hua; Baker, Paul – Applied Linguistics, 2016
In this study, we investigated criterial discourse features in L2 writing through the use of recurrent word combinations, a.k.a. lexical bundles, taking a corpus-driven and expert-judged approach by examining L2 English data across various proficiency levels from L1 Chinese learners. Proficiency was determined by a robust rating procedure which is…
Descriptors: Essays, Guidelines, Evaluators, Phrase Structure
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Webb, Stuart; Kagimoto, Eve – Applied Linguistics, 2011
This study investigated the effects of three factors (the number of collocates per node word, the position of the node word, synonymy) on learning collocations. Japanese students studying English as a foreign language learned five sets of 12 target collocations. Each collocation was presented in a single glossed sentence. The number of collocates…
Descriptors: Semantics, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Phrase Structure
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Millar, Neil – Applied Linguistics, 2011
The prevalence of formulaicity in naturally occurring language use points to an important role in the way language is acquired, processed, and used. It is widely recommended that second-language instruction should ensure that learners develop a rich repertoire of formulaic sequences. If this is justified, it follows that learner failure to use…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Cognitive Processes, Native Speakers, Language Processing
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Simpson-Vlach, Rita; Ellis, Nick C. – Applied Linguistics, 2010
This research creates an empirically derived, pedagogically useful list of formulaic sequences for academic speech and writing, comparable with the Academic Word List (Coxhead 2000), called the Academic Formulas List (AFL). The AFL includes formulaic sequences identified as (i) frequent recurrent patterns in corpora of written and spoken language,…
Descriptors: Academic Discourse, Speech, Written Language, Oral Language
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Kovecses, Zoltan; Szabo, Peter – Applied Linguistics, 1996
Distinguishes among three aspects of idiomatic meaning: the general meaning, more specific aspects, and connotative aspects. The results of an informal experimental study indicate that the cognitive semantic view can facilitate the learning of idioms for nonnative speakers. (45 references) (Author/CK)
Descriptors: Adult Students, Adverbs, Case Studies, Cognitive Development