A modified method of regrouping the minuend for subtraction is described. This more flexible method decreases the number of steps in the subtraction process and in checking the regrouping. (SD)

A concrete approach to subtraction problems with minuends to 19 is presented. (MP)

A six-step method of teaching subtraction by renaming is presented, using money as the learning vehicle. (MP)

Discusses ways of teaching integers to children who have a wide range of ability. The strategies involve not only the "right" answer but also such considerations as learning the meaning behind the operators, relating operations with integers to real-world situations, and finding a variety of ways to solve the problems. (JN)

"Math Facts Memory Made Easy" is a program which provides teachers with an effective alternative instructional method and an accompanying curriculum designed to improve students' ability to memorize basic mathematical facts. General information about the program and examples of strategies used are presented. (JN)

This article focuses on the aspect of mental arithmetic that uses thinking strategies that are effective with large numbers as well as basic facts. Two activities are suggested for lack of the four operations. (MK)

Three game activities are detailed. Informal work with addition and subtraction on a number line and graphing concepts are achieved with two simple dice games, and the distribution of monetary tokens is used to illustrate the division algorithm. (JP)

The informal subtraction strategies that children develop are discussed in detail, with the role of the counting-down strategy described. Problems and remedies for difficulties caused by counting backward and the double count are also presented. (MNS)

This study was implemented to test the relative effectiveness of two subtraction procedures (decomposition and equal addends) with respect to accuracy in solving subtraction problems requiring regrouping. Results favor the decomposition approach. (MP)

The author describes a technique for teaching various aspects of the subtraction algorithm (e.g., regrouping, borrowing) by relating them to the use of money. (SD)

Suggestions for improving problem-solving skills of first-grade students are made after the results of five studies of addition and subtraction story problems are presented. (JT)