Over the past 20 years, higher education has seen significant growth in the numbers of both associate's and bachelor's degrees conferred on students in the United States, particularly women and minorities. For example, the number of associate's degrees conferred on African American women between 1980 and 2000 nearly doubled, tripling for American Indian women and nearly quadrupling for Hispanic and Asian women. The number of four-year degrees conferred on African American women also doubled during that timeframe, and increased for Black men as well, but they did not experience the same rapid growth as Black women. The number of Hispanics receiving bachelor's degrees increased substantially during 1980 to 2000, tripling for Hispanic men and quadrupling for Hispanic women. The numbers for minority and female college faculty and administrators paint a similar picture. Overall, the number of women holding administrative positions on the college level nearly doubled, jumping from 38,146 in 1983-84 to 75,313 during 1999-00. The number of male college administrators also has increased, but at a steady pace, 79,340 in 1983-84, climbing to 82,957 in 1999-00. Ascending the higher education ladder, the most significant growth among college and university CEOs occurred among all women, particularly among Hispanic women, whose numbers nearly doubled from 1993 to 2003.