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Wass, Sam – Brain and Cognition, 2011
The past few years have seen considerable interest in findings of abnormal brain connectivity in the autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We review recent work from neuroimaging and other sources, and argue that there is considerable convergent evidence suggesting that connectivity is disrupted in ASD. We point to evidence both of local…
Descriptors: Autism, Pathology, Brain, Cognitive Processes
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Nitschke, Kai; Ruh, Nina; Kappler, Sonja; Stahl, Christoph; Kaller, Christoph P. – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Understanding the functional neuroanatomy of planning and problem solving may substantially benefit from better insight into the chronology of the cognitive processes involved. Based on the assumption that regularities in cognitive processing are reflected in overtly observable eye-movement patterns, here we recorded eye movements while…
Descriptors: Evidence, Eye Movements, Problem Solving, Short Term Memory
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Dreisbach, Gesine; Fischer, Rico – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Theories of human action control deal with the question of how cognitive control is dynamically adjusted to task demands. The conflict monitoring theory of anterior cingulate (ACC) function suggests that the ACC monitors for response conflicts in the ongoing processing stream thereby triggering the mobilization of cognitive control. Alternatively,…
Descriptors: Priming, Evidence, Conflict, Bilingualism
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Nadal, Marcos; Pearce, Marcus T. – Brain and Cognition, 2011
Neuroaesthetics is a young field of research concerned primarily with the neural basis of cognitive and affective processes engaged when an individual takes an aesthetic or artistic approach towards a work of art, a non-artistic object or a natural phenomenon. In September 2009, the "Copenhagen Neuroaesthetics Conference" brought together leading…
Descriptors: Interdisciplinary Approach, Art Expression, Neurology, Aesthetics
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Strelnikov, Kuzma – Brain and Cognition, 2010
There is increasing focus on the neurophysiological underpinnings of brain activations, giving birth to an emerging branch of neuroscience--neuroenergetics. However, no common definition of "brain activation" exists thus far. In this article, we define brain activation as the information-driven reorganization of energy flows in a population of…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurology, Physiology, Genetics
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Boles, David B.; Barth, Joan M.; Merrill, Edward C. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Hemispheric asymmetry implies the existence of developmental influences that affect one hemisphere more than the other. However, those influences are poorly understood. One simple view is that asymmetry may exist because of a relationship between a mental process' degree of lateralization and how well it functions. Data scaling issues have largely…
Descriptors: Investigations, Scaling, Children, Brain Hemisphere Functions
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Ardila, Alfredo – Brain and Cognition, 2008
In this paper it is proposed that the prefrontal lobe participates in two closely related but different executive function abilities: (1) "metacognitive executive functions": problem solving, planning, concept formation, strategy development and implementation, controlling attention, working memory, and the like; that is, executive functions as…
Descriptors: Written Language, Oral Language, Short Term Memory, Concept Formation
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Peters, Michael; Battista, Christian – Brain and Cognition, 2008
The 3D cube figures used by Shepard and Metzler [Shepard, R. N., & Metzler, J. (1971). "Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects." "Science," 171, 701-703] have been applied in a broad range of studies on mental rotation. This note provides a brief background on these figures, their general use in cognitive psychology and their role in…
Descriptors: Group Testing, Visualization, Spatial Ability, Cognitive Psychology
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Strelnikov, Kuzma – Brain and Cognition, 2007
This article aims to provide a theoretical framework to elucidate the neurophysiological underpinnings of deviance detection as reflected by mismatch negativity. A six-step model of the information processing necessary for deviance detection is proposed. In this model, predictive coding of learned regularities is realized by means of long-term…
Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Alcohol Abuse, Information Processing, Cognitive Development
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Mammarella, Irene C.; Cornoldi, Cesare; Pazzaglia, Francesca; Toso, Cristina; Grimoldi, Mario; Vio, Claudio – Brain and Cognition, 2006
The paper describes the performance of three children with specific visuospatial working memory (VSWM) impairments (Study 1) and three children with visuospatial (nonverbal) learning disabilities (Study 2) assessed with a battery of working memory (WM) tests and with a number of school achievement tasks. Overall, performance on WM tests provides…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Memorization, Learning Disabilities
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Amaro, Edson, Jr.; Barker, Gareth J. – Brain and Cognition, 2006
There is a wide range of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study designs available for the neuroscientist who wants to investigate cognition. In this manuscript we review some aspects of fMRI study design, including cognitive comparison strategies (factorial, parametric designs), and stimulus presentation possibilities (block,…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Neurology, Diagnostic Tests, Comparative Analysis
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Amieva, Helene; Rouch-Leroyer, Isabelle; Letenneur, Luc; Dartigues, Jean Francois; Fabrigoule, Collette – Brain and Cognition, 2004
Alzheimer's disease produces a generalized slowing of cognitive processing increasing with the progression of dementia. However little is known about this phenomenon in the pre-demented stages. Our purpose was to investigate cognitive slowing in pre-demented subjects and their ability to develop target detection skills while performing a…
Descriptors: Alzheimers Disease, Cognitive Processes, Skill Development
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Burton, Leslie A.; Rabin, Laura; Vardy, Susan Bernstein.; Frohlich, Jonathan; Wyatt, Gwinne; Dimitri, Diana; Constante, Shimon; Guterman, Elan – Brain and Cognition, 2004
Thirty-two participants were administered 4 verbal tasks, an Implicit Affective Task, an Implicit Neutral Task, an Explicit Affective Task, and an Explicit Neutral Task. For the Implicit Tasks, participants were timed while reading passages aloud as quickly as possible, but not so quickly that they did not understand. A target verbal passage was…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Memory, Reading Rate, Cognitive Processes
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de Zubicaray, Greig I. – Brain and Cognition, 2006
Cognitive scientists were not quick to embrace the functional neuroimaging technologies that emerged during the late 20th century. In this new century, cognitive scientists continue to question, not unreasonably, the relevance of functional neuroimaging investigations that fail to address questions of interest to cognitive science. However, some…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Cognitive Psychology, Etiology, Memory
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Kilgour, Andrea R.; Kitada, Ryo; Servos, Philip; James, Thomas W.; Lederman, Susan J. – Brain and Cognition, 2005
Many studies in visual face recognition have supported a special role for the right fusiform gyrus. Despite the fact that faces can also be recognized haptically, little is known about the neural correlates of haptic face recognition. In the current fMRI study, neurologically intact participants were intensively trained to identify specific…
Descriptors: Identification, Visual Perception, Tactual Perception, Cognitive Processes
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