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Calderon-Garciduenas, Lilian; Engle, Randall; Mora-Tiscareno, Antonieta; Styner, Martin; Gomez-Garza, Gilberto; Zhu, Hongtu; Jewells, Valerie; Torres-Jardon, Ricardo; Romero, Lina; Monroy-Acosta, Maria E.; Bryant, Christopher; Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Luis Oscar; Medina-Cortina, Humberto; D'Angiulli, Amedeo – Brain and Cognition, 2011
Exposure to severe air pollution produces neuroinflammation and structural brain alterations in children. We tested whether patterns of brain growth, cognitive deficits and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with exposures to severe air pollution. Baseline and 1 year follow-up measurements of global and regional brain MRI volumes,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Tests, Pathology, Foreign Countries, Pollution
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Yeh, Ting-Kuang; Chang, Chun-Yen; Hu, Chung-Yi; Yeh, Ting-Chi; Lin, Ming-Yeh – Brain and Cognition, 2009
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a methylation enzyme that catalyzes the degradation pathway and inactivation of dopamine. It is accepted widely as being involved in the modulation of dopaminergic physiology and prefrontal cortex (PFC) function. The COMT Val158Met polymorphism is associated with variation in COMT activity. COMT 158Met allele…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Social Sciences, Science Tests, Physiology
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Bengner, T.; Malina, T. – Brain and Cognition, 2007
We tested whether memory deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are better described by a single- or dual-store memory model. To this aim, we analyzed the influence of TLE and proactive interference (PI) on immediate and 24-h long-term recency effects during face recognition in 16 healthy participants and 18 right and 21 left non-surgical TLE…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory, Epilepsy, Brain
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Leask, S. J.; Crow, T. J. – Brain and Cognition, 2006
How "differences" between the two sides of the brain (or "laterality") relate to level of function are important components of theories of the origin and purpose of hemispheric asymmetry, although different measures show different relationships, and this heterogeneity makes discerning any underlying relationships a difficult…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Brain, Foreign Countries, Lateral Dominance
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Zverev, Y. P. – Brain and Cognition, 2006
The study assessed views of teachers, pupils and their guardians on left-hand preference. Seventy-five percent of the responders indicated that the left hand should not be preferred for habitual activities and 87.6% of them indicated that left-handers should be forced to change the hand. Gender had significant effect on the view on left hand…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Handedness, Student Attitudes, Parent Attitudes
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Rutherford, Barbara J. – Brain and Cognition, 2006
The assumptions tested were that the relative contribution of each hemisphere to reading alters with experience and that experience increases suppression of the simultaneous use of identical strategies by the non-dominant hemisphere. Males that were reading disabled and phonologically impaired, reading disabled and phonologically normal, or with…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Lexicology, Phonology, Reaction Time
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Baird, Amee; Dewar, Bonnie-Kate; Critchley, Hugo; Gilbert, Sam J.; Dolan, Raymond J.; Cipolotti, Lisa – Brain and Cognition, 2006
Two patients with medial frontal lobe damage involving the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) performed a range of cognitive tasks, including tests of executive function and anterior attention. Both patients lesions extended beyond the ACC, therefore caution needs to be exerted in ascribing observed deficits to the ACC alone. Patient performance was…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Patients, Cognitive Tests, Memory
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Barnea, A.; Rassis, A.; Zaidel, E. – Brain and Cognition, 2005
We applied SMR/theta neurofeedback (NF) training at central sites of 20 Israeli children aged 10-12 years, half boys and half girls. Half of the subjects received C3 training and the other half C4 training, consisting of 20 half-hour sessions. We assessed the effects of training on lateralized lexical decision in Hebrew. The lateralized lexical…
Descriptors: Word Recognition, Foreign Countries, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Psycholinguistics
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Milovan, Denise L.; Baribeau, Jacinthe; Roth, Robert M.; Stip, Emmanuel – Brain and Cognition, 2004
Event-related potential (ERP) studies have demonstrated impaired auditory sensory processing in patients with schizophrenia, as reflected in abnormal mismatch negativity (MMN). We sought to extend this finding by evaluating MMN in 13 treatment-refractory patients with schizophrenia, and 14 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Subjects…
Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Patients, Visual Stimuli, Auditory Perception
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Balodis, Iris M.; MacDonald, Tara K.; Olmstead, Mary C. – Brain and Cognition, 2006
The current study investigated whether acute alcohol intoxication produces impaired decision-making on tasks assessing ventromedial prefrontal (VMF) cortex functioning and impulsive responding. Participants completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a decision-making test targeting the VMF, and the Newman Perseveration Task (NT), a measure of…
Descriptors: Instruction, Cues, Alcohol Abuse, Decision Making
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Stip, Emmanuel; Bigras, Marie-Josee.; Mancini-Marie, Adham; Cosset, Marie-Eve.; Black, Deborah; Lecours, Andre-Roch – Brain and Cognition, 2004
Objective: This study investigated the long-term effects of bilateral prefrontal leukotomy on lexical abilities in schizophrenia subjects. Method: We compared performances of leukotomized (LSP), non-leukotomized schizophrenia patients (NLSP) and normal controls, using a test of verbal fluency. Multiple case and triple comparison design were…
Descriptors: Patients, Language Fluency, Schizophrenia, Lexicology