This study examines the embodied ways in which learners monitor their cognition while learning about exponential functions in an immersive virtual reality (VR) based game, "Pandemic" by Prisms of Reality. Traditionally, metacognitive monitoring has been assessed through behavioural traces and verbalised instances. When learning in VR,…

This design-based research project explored how various design features of AR-based learning environments (ARLE) influence students' mathematics self-efficacy and learning of kinematics. Specifically, five ARLEs with different design features were developed and implemented with 136 seventh-grade students in two rounds. Data were gathered from pre-…

This study aimed to examine how the levels of physical fidelity of controllers (high, mid and low) and task repetitions (four trials) influence undergraduate students' perceived task load and performance in an immersive virtual reality (VR)-based simulation. The simulation was developed using the Unity 3D engine. VR controllers were developed to…

Collaborative learning, driven by knowledge co-construction and meaning negotiation, is a pivotal aspect of educational contexts. While gesture's importance in conveying shared meaning is recognized, its role in collaborative group settings remains understudied. This gap hinders accurate and equitable assessment and instruction, particularly for…