Offers insights into early development and descriptions of evolving programs and practices of five Canadian Indian survival schools: Wandering Spirit (Toronto), Kahnawake (near Montreal), Plains Indian Cultural (Calgary), Saskatoon Native (Saskatoon), and Spirit Rising (Vancouver). Demonstrates how Indian cultures can recreate themselves in the…

The Seabird Island Community School is a successful band-controlled school that has involved Indian people in the educational process, developed a strong sense of Indian identity in students, and promoted both cultural and academic goals. Numerous and varied links between community and school are a key to the school's success. (JHZ)