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Buttelmann, David; Carpenter, Malinda; Call, Josep; Tomasello, Michael – Child Development, 2008
G. Gergely, H. Bekkering, and I. Kiraly (2002) showed that 14-month-old infants imitate rationally, copying an adult's unusual action more often when it was freely chosen than when it was forced by some constraint. This suggests that infants understand others' intentions as rational choices of action plans. It is important to test whether apes…
Descriptors: Infants, Animals, Primatology, Intention
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Tomasello, Michael; And Others – Child Development, 1993
Compared the abilities of 3 mother-reared and 3 human-raised (enculturated) chimpanzees and 16 human toddlers to imitatively learn novel actions on objects. Found that mother-reared chimpanzees were poorer imitators than both enculturated chimpanzees and human children, who did not differ from one another in imitative learning. On time delay…
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Observational Learning, Primates, Primatology