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Direct linkZhao, Li; Li, Yingying; Qin, Wen; Amemiya, Jamie; Fang, Fang; Compton, Brian J.; Heyman, Gail D. – Child Development, 2022
This research examined the effects of overhearing an adult praise an unseen child for not needing to work hard on an academic task. Five-year-old Han Chinese children (total N = 270 across three studies; 135 boys, collected 2020-2021) who heard this low effort praise tended to devalue effort relative to a baseline condition in which the overheard…
Descriptors: Audiences, Positive Reinforcement, Preschool Children, Interpersonal Communication
Gonzalez, Antonya M.; Steele, Jennifer R.; Baron, Andrew S. – Child Development, 2017
Studies with adults suggest that implicit preferences favoring White versus Black individuals can be reduced through exposure to positive Black exemplars. However, it remains unclear whether developmental differences exist in the capacity for these biases to be changed. This study included 369 children and examined whether their implicit racial…
Descriptors: Racial Bias, Children, Age Differences, Child Development
Clegg, Jennifer M.; Wen, Nicole J.; DeBaylo, Paige H.; Alcott, Adam; Keltner, Elena C.; Legare, Cristine H. – Child Development, 2021
Teaching supports the high-fidelity transmission of knowledge and skills. This study examined similarities and differences in caregiver teaching practices in the United States and Vanuatu (N = 125 caregiver and 3- to 8-year-old child pairs) during a collaborative problem-solving task. Caregivers used diverse verbal and nonverbal teaching practices…
Descriptors: Child Caregivers, Early Childhood Teachers, Teacher Student Relationship, Interaction
Gunderson, Elizabeth A.; Gripshover, Sarah J.; Romero, Carissa; Dweck, Carol S.; Goldin-Meadow, Susan; Levine, Susan C. – Child Development, 2013
In laboratory studies, praising children's effort encourages them to adopt incremental motivational frameworks--they believe ability is malleable, attribute success to hard work, enjoy challenges, and generate strategies for improvement. In contrast, praising children's inherent abilities encourages them to adopt fixed-ability…
Descriptors: Parent Child Relationship, Toddlers, Positive Reinforcement, Motivation
