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White, Sarah; Hill, Elisabeth; Happe, Francesca; Frith, Uta – Child Development, 2009
A test of advanced theory of mind (ToM), first introduced by F. Happe (1994), was adapted for children (mental, human, animal, and nature stories plus unlinked sentences). These materials were closely matched for difficulty and were presented to forty-five 7- to 12-year-olds with autism and 27 control children. Children with autism who showed ToM…
Descriptors: Autism, Cognitive Development, Children, Comparative Analysis
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Kagan, Jerome – Child Development, 2008
The balance between the preservation of early cognitive functions and serious transformations on these functions shifts across time. Piaget's writings, which favored transformations, are being replaced by writings that emphasize continuities between select cognitive functions of infants and older children. The claim that young infants possess…
Descriptors: Object Permanence, Infants, Developmental Stages, Inferences
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Hughes, Claire; Jaffee, Sara R.; Happ, Francesca; Taylor, Alan; Caspi, Avshalom; Moffitt, Terrie E. – Child Development, 2005
In this study of the origins of individual differences in theory of mind (ToM), the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study sample of 1,116 sixty-month-old twin pairs completed a comprehensive battery of ToM tasks. Individual differences in ToM were striking and strongly associated with verbal ability. Behavioral genetic models of the…
Descriptors: Environmental Influences, Verbal Ability, Twins, Individual Differences