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Lewis, Michael; Ramsay, Douglas – Child Development, 2002
This study examined individual differences in 4-year-old children's expression of the self-conscious emotions of embarrassment and shame and their relation to differences in cortisol response to stress. Results indicated the presence of two different types of embarrassment--one that reflected negative evaluation of the self, and the other a…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Emotional Response, Preschool Children, Psychophysiology